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| Aluminum | Acaí | Acerola | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cocoa | Coconut | Dendê | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Vegetal Fibres (Cotton, Mallow and Jute) |
Pineapple | Guaraná | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Maracujá | Soy | Urucu | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Banana | Buffalos | Cashew | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cupuaçu | Pepper of the kingdom | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Terrestrial plant, in average with 1,20 meters of height, with little developed radicular system, almost superficial. The fruit is one sincarp formed by ovaries, bracts and axle of the inflorescence, that if become coalescents during the growth process of development and sustain a rosette of small leaf known as "crown". In the Pará, the pineapple is cultivated in the cities of Salvaterra, Barcarena and Forest of the Araguaia. 1) PHITOTECHNICAL INDEX: Time of plantation: December/May (in function of the locality). 2) NUTRITIOUS VALUE: In its composition, we find iron, potassium, calcium and vitamins A, B1, B2 and C, beyond other organic compounds. 3) BENEFICIATION:It consists in the extraction of the crown and the inferior extremity of the pineapple, followed of the withdrawal of the rind. This process is done by an automatic machine 4) UTILIZATION The main products gotten in the
industrialization are: pulp in syrup, jelly, simple juice pasteurized,
concentrated juice, crystallized fruit and "crush" (gotten of the lines of
production of fruits in syrup).
AÇAI OR CABBAGE PALM (Euterpe oleracea)
1) PHITOTECNICAL INDEX:
ACEROLA OR CHERRY Of PARÁ (Malpighia Punicifolia)
Fruit tree of 2 to 6 meters of height, much ramified and
irregular trunk. The fruit is one globose, depressed, trilobate drupe, with
3 cm of diameter, 2 cm of height and maximum weight of 13 grams. It is
originary probably of the north of the South America or Antilhas and Central
America, where it exists in spontaneous state. In the Pará, it is known as
cherry of Pará, or acerola, possessing the conditions edafo-climatics
required for its culture, already occurring exportation for Europe and Japan. 1) PHITOTECHNICAL INDEX: 2) UTILIZATION:
Herbaceous and arborescent plant with a pseudocaulis more or less cylindrical, green, measuring of 25 to 30 cm of diameter and 2 to 8 meters of height. In the apex, long, elliptical and green leaves, with membranous limb measuring of 1,80 to 2,50 meters of length. The fruits are cylindrical, angular, more or less recurved, of yellow or green-yellowish color (when mature), possessing the thick rind and compact, white-yellowish eatable pulp. In Pará, the edafo-climatic conditions existing are sufficiently satisfactory for the development of the banana tree. 1) PHITOTECHNICAL
INDEX:
CASHEW NUT
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Margarine |
Glycerin |
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Soap |
Pharmacology |
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Eatable Oil |
Cosmetic |
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Maionese |
Confectionery |
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Siderurgy |
Vitamins A and D |
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Anticorrosive |
Artificial Milk |
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Chocolate |
Candle |
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Ration |
Humectant |
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Lubricative |
Sulphactant |
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Detergent |
Emulsificant |
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Textile industry |
Rubber industry |
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Plastic |
Oil-chemistry |
The degree of industrialization of the dendê is very
great, consisting in excellent opportunity of investiment through productive
explorations, techinically
and commercially guided.
VEGETAL FIBRES
HERBACEOUS COTTON (Gossyptum hirsutum)
MALLOW (Urena lobata)
JUTE (capsularis Corchorus)
The cultures of cotton, of mallow and jute in the State of Pará, allied to the edafo-climatic conditions, represents one of the agricultural options for the development of industries of vegetal fibres. The State of Pará has ample possibilities to be a great producer of cotton long fiber of the Country, mainly with the introduction of the cultivation "Acala del Cerro", that presents ideal characteristics for the national and international textile industry. However, with the development of the chemical industry and the artificial, cellulous and synthetic fibre manufacture, the cotton started to have a great competitor in the textile industry, but the growth of the consumption if makes of such form that, although comes losing position of the relative point of view (percentage of the cotton in the total of the produced and consumed textiles), continues growing of absolute form. It is because the consumption is increasing in sped up rhythm more than the production. The culture of the mallow of Pará is subjects the oscillations of production and productivity, because the great part of the harvested mallow is spontaneous. The national production, to a large extent produced in the State of Pará, comes growing in significant way in the last years. The jute culture has a great importance for the State of Pará and to the Country, because the production of Pará is destined to the national consumption. The vegetal fibres, due the multiplicity of its applications in the national and international industries, constitute a great chance of investment, through productive and commercially guided explorations.
Ascending shrub or ligneous liana, has reduced height, when in culture in sky opened with tutor. The fruit is a septicidal and stipitate capsule, with 2,5 cm of diameter, red-orange color, when mature. The seeds are of black color, brilliant or lightly greeny. A cluster with 30 cm of length can contain until 115 fruits and 150 seeds. Native specie of the Amazonian Region of wide economic expression.
1) PHITOTECHNICAL INDEX:
Time of plantation: December/March.
Harvest: October/January – After the fourth year of plantation.
Spacing: 5,0 x 5,0 or 5,0 x 3,0 meters.
Utilized variety: sórbilis.
Number of changes: In average, 900 for hectare.
Average income: 1.380 kilos of pulped seeds for hectare.
The Guaraná is one of the oldest commercialized products with the exterior.
2) IMPROVEMENT:
It consists of the separation of the rind of the seed, that can be made,
manually, or with machine.
3) UTILIZATION:
The guaraná, after passing for a primary improvement, can be consumed at
the natural or in dust, being totally soluble in water. The
industrialization of the raw material facilitates the commercialization,
awakes the interest of importation for other countries and makes possible
the growth of the national market of habitual purchasers. In Brazil, the
therapeutical properties of guaraná are sufficiently known, being widelly
used for the pharmaceutical industries and of drinks.
Climbing plant with tendrils and alternated leaves. The
fruit is a berry generally spherical, smooth, yellow, with diameter until 10
cm and maximum weight of 190 grams, containing various seeds. In Pará, the
maracujá is cultivated in wide scale, mainly in the great bragantina region,
its bigger producing center.
The regional commerce is dominated by the flavicarpa form (yellow fruit).
Its culture had a great increment with the installation of a company of
juice in the State of Pará, that allied to the good edafo-climatic
conditions for its development, comes registering growth of the production.
1) PHITOTECHNICAL INDEX:
Time of plantation: January/March.
Harvest: January/December.
Spacing: 3x4 meters.
Utilized varieties: yellow and violet.
Number of changes: 800 for hectare.
Average income: first year – 6.000 Kg/ha;.
second year – 12.000 Kg/ha;.
third year – 10.000 Kg/ha.
2) NUTRITIOUS VALUE:
The Maracujá possesss calcium, match, vitamins A, B1, B2 and C. The
Maracujá presents in its composition 51% of rind, 20% of seeds and 28% of
juice.
3) UTILIZATION:
The Maracujá can be consumed at the natural or be used for the
manufacture of compotes, crystallized, juices, jellies, sirups and bonbons.
In Brazil, there are many well-known species of maracujá, with differents
uses in the medicine, possessing a great importance to the pharmaceutical
industry. The pulp of maracujá has wide use like nectarean substance to give
the peculiar flavor of the fruit to innumerable products. The maracujá is a
fruit sufficiently known and appreciated in all the world, presenting raised
degree of industrialization, consisting in excellent opportunity of
investment through productive and commercially guided explorations.
PEPPER OF THE KINGDOM
(Piper nigrum)
The pepper of the kingdom is a
perennial, climbing and shrubby species originary from the tropical regions
of the India. Its propagation is vegetative and the changes must be
previously prepared in order to begin its economical production after the
third year of planting, with an average income of 3 Kg/ha with nearly 1.600
changes for hectare. The black pepper is consumed in almost all the
countries, while that the white is consumed nearly 30% for the Occidental
Europe, 20% for Japan, 20% for United States and 30% for other countries.
Brazil participates with approximately 15% of the volume commercialized in
the international market. In that it says respect to the national production,
the Pará contributes with more than 90% of the total.
1) VALUE NUTRICIONAL:
The pepper of the kingdom possesss calories, proteins, minerals (calcium,
match and iron) and vitamins (B1 and B2). The Brazilian Company of Farming
Research(EMBRAPA-CPATU) generated technologies, from the pepper of the
kingdom, possibles to be transferred to the sector of industrial agriculture,
such as:
- manufacture of green and red pepper of the kingdom in conserve;
- manufacture of dry temper;
- manufacture of piquant paste;
- attainment of green dehydrated pepper of the kingdom;
- extration of oil and oil-resin of pepper of the kingdom.
The pepper of the kingdom constitutes a great opportunity of investment,
through productive explorations, techinically and commercially guided.
The soy is a oleaginous that in the last 14 years
registered an annual average tax of growth of the production, of 2,11% in
world-wide level. The sustentation of the level of soy demand has origin in
two originary products of the crushing: the oil and the bran. In Pará, the
culture of the soy comes gradually being extended, in function of
comparative advantages and of the expansion of the agricultural frontier of
soy, through of the exploitation of areas modified for pastures in ways of
degradation, itinerants cultures and open pasture areas. Currently, the
Northeast of the Pará is the new area of culture of soy of the State in
virtue of the comparative advantages that this region offers, as facility of
drainage of the production by Corridor of Exportation North - Complex
Carajás - Itaqui, infrastructure of roads and electric energy.
Economic viability studies of the soy in this region show that the Northeast
of the Pará is presented sufficiently competitive in relation to other
productive regions in that concerns to the costs of production, productivity
and transport expenses for the international market (Pictures 2 and 3).
Picture 1. Territorial Extension and Altered Areas of the State of the Pará
Surface 1.246.833,1 km2
Whole Area 124.683.210,00 ha
Altered Areas 16.000.000,00 ha
Source: HOMMA, EMBRAPA-l995/FAEPA/SEBRAE
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Picture 2. Comparative costs of Production of the Soy (US$) |
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EUA |
BRAZIL |
PARÁ |
ARGENTINA |
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- |
BELT M.WEST |
DELTA |
SOUTH |
C.WEST |
NORTHEAST Pará |
- |
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Cost of Produc tion (h) |
258 |
201 |
239 |
225 |
230 |
249 |
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Productivity (Ton/ha) |
2,4 |
1,8 |
1,9 |
2,1 |
2,2 |
2,3 |
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Cost (ton) |
108 |
112 |
125 |
107 |
104 |
108 |
Source:USDA, Sparks Commodities and EMBRAPA/FAEPA/SEBRAE |
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Picture 3. Comparison of Costs (US$/T) of Transport of the Soy of Different Regions until Rotterdam, in Holland. |
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DISCRIMINATION |
ROAD (*) |
RAILWAY (*) |
PORT EXPENSES |
MARINE |
TOTAL |
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1-Diamantino-MT 2.015 km of Santos-SP |
42,00 |
- |
11,00 |
17,00 |
70,00 |
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2- Balsas-MA 1.000 km of Ponta da Madeira-MA |
10,75 |
8,15 |
4,40 |
14,00 |
37,30 |
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3- Paragominas -PA 800 km of Ponta da Madeira-MA |
4,56 |
9,50 |
4,40 |
14,00 |
32,46 |
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4- Cascavel-PR 600 km of Paranaguá. |
15,00 |
- |
9,00 |
17,00 |
41,00 |
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Source:
CNA - Nacional Agricultural Confederation/FAEPA/SEBRAE |
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The Northeast of the Pará for the geographic position that it occupies, strategical in that concerns the exportation with competitive freight for the European centers consuming, appears as a potential region for the culture of soy. The Government of Pará comes stimulating the culture of soy in the region, what it constitutes an excellent chance of investment through productive explorations, techinically and commercially guided.
URUCU (Bixa orellana)
Originary of Tropical America, the urucu tree has the structure of a shrub, being able to reach up 4 meters of height. It possesss flowers hermaphrodites, with capsular fruits, in egg-form, that contain in average 54 seeds. The Pará possesss the edafo-climatic conditions demanded for the development of the culture of urucu, as well as presents, in the cultivated species, high grade of bixina. The raw material is used in the following industries:
- Milk products: cheese, butter, margarine and cream;
- Panification: bread, biscuits, macaroni and cakes;
- Beverages: refreshments, wines, liquors and beers;
- Condiments: colorau;
- Pharmaceutic: remedies (liquid and solid);
- Wood: colouring, varnish and wax;
- Textile: silk, tergal, cotton and nycron;
- Chromatography: web, pellicle and film;
- Ink: nitro-cellulose, oil and enamel;
- Frigorific: coloration of meats;
- Cosmetics: bronzer (oil and cream), lotions;
- Hydrogenated vegetable Oils;
- Wax for wooden floor and footwear;
- Vinegar;
- Oil for Hair;
- Rations for animals
- Sausage factory: meats and gravies;
- Candies and ices cream;
- Varied pastes.
The raw material "in natura" is exported, clean and
without impurities, however, it is in the dust form that its
commercialization reaches better prices. It is in the industry of foods that
occurs the bigger use of substances extracted of urucu, because the
colouring, of them gotten, is the natural substitute of the artificial
colouring, that is forbidden by law in countries as Japan, Brazil and United
States, because it can cause the cancer.
Currently, the world-wide production does not supply the demand, what it
guarantees for the product and its derivatives a certain market in the
future, consisting, of this form, in excellent chance of investment through
productive explorations, techinically and commercially guided.
In the State of Pará, mainly in the Marajó
Island, is situated most of the national creation of buffalos. The buffalos
are resistant animals that have the capacity to transform poor and lower
foods into much meat and much milk.
Depending on the conditions of pastures
and the race, the buffalo presents in average:
- Mediterranean Race: 450 kilos of weight, alive, with 2 years old.
- Murrah Race: 500 kilos of weight, alive, with 18 months old.
The Jafarabadi and Carabao races too present regional averages and
production of meat above of the other bovines of cut.
1) MILK
The buffala has a milk of excellent quality, with a contents of fat that
varies of 7,5% to 8.0%, plus proteins and mineral salts.
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WATER |
FAT |
SUGAR |
PROTEINS |
ASHES |
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BUFFALA |
81,0 |
7,98 |
4,3 |
5,2 |
0,8 |
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COW |
87,7 |
3,80 |
5,0 |
3,1 |
0,7 |
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Source: IBGE – National Study of Familiar Expenses. |
The average of the lactation is of 2.600 kg of milk. The buffala milk
presents industrial income in the elaboration of milk products 40 % above to
the cow milk. In order to produce 1 kg of butter are necessary 14 liters of
buffala milk. In order to get the same resulted with the cow milk, are
necessary 20 liters. The CPATU (Center of Farming Research of the Humid
Tropic), in Belém, Pará, has dedicated special attention to the researches
with buffalos, concentrating the biggest quantity of technic knowledge about
these animals. Research in field of feeding, handling, improvement genetic,
health, installations, industrialization and equipments, that shows the
great chance of investments that represents the buffalo ranching, as well as
the exploitation of diverses sub-products that can be gotten.
To get other informations about all these products, please, visit these addresses:
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